The goal of this case is showing the correlation between the external look of the breasts and the intraoperative findings at the prosthetic location during a breast implants revision surgery procedure, as well as offering a vision of the state of the implants over time in this patient's clinical context; the technical option chosen by the patient to revise or repair her breasts and its outcome are not the subject of this case.
The capsule around the breast implants is a beneficial and necessary scar wrapping the prostheses as a perfect mold of their shape and size; it is formed by patient's tissues during the first four postoperative weeks and it provides fixation of the implants, sealing of cavities, long term mechanical stability, maintains the positioning and prevents droopiness and a long series of biological benefits.
A capsulectomy, literally entire removal of the periprosthetic capsule, should not be mistaken with capsulotomy which means cut or section of the capsule without its removal. The capsulectomy is a state of the art maneuver in breast revision surgeries, however a simple capsulotomy is not acceptable nowadays.
The capsulectomy is the mandatory maneuver in any breast implant renewal, either ruptured, leaking, corroded, degraded, worn or even if the prosthesis is intact.
The capsule formed around one given prosthesis is exclusive for its shape and dimensions and not valid for any other implant, it is unwise inserting a new implant into the capsule previously formed by another implant of different dimensions.
Furthermore there are two known biological phenomena occurring at the periprosthetic capsule over the years, which are the bacterial and fungal growth in it and the presence of micro particles of silicone within the immune cells present around the implant; needless to say these biological elements need to be eradicated from the patient's tissues before inserting a new implant.
Finally, when the implant is aged, degraded and corroded by the biological action of patient's immune system, eventually leaking silicone, the defensive features of the surrounding tissues do deposit calcium carbonate, literally like gypsum, onto the periprosthetic scar shell and around the prosthesis itself, eventually penetrating the depth of the prosthetic shell and its filler; these calcified particles need total removal for being incompatible with a smooth healing of a new implant and mainly for being a source of misdiagnosis and bias during future mammograms.
Periprosthetic capsulectomy becomes a golden standard and a routine stage in any breast revision surgery involving implant renewal for whatsoever reasons, treatment of capsular contracture, prosthetic repositioning, elective explantation, etc; such capsulectomy has to be comprehensive and total, not leaving any trace of the previously formed periprosthetic scar shell.
Failing to comply with the mandatory capsulectomy entails a certain risk of seroma, chronic lack of prosthetic adhesion, capsular contracture, infection, extrusion, rippling, folding, early implant rupture, interference with breast imaging tests like mammograms, hardness, unnatural results, etc.
It must be bore in mind the periprosthetic capsule is a neo formed tissue not belonging to the original breast tissues, it is a structure build by patient's body to host and stabilize the breast implant, playing no other functional or biological role; therefore each breast implant must give birth to a new capsule, by means of hosting the prosthesis in fresh, healthy, vascularized and safe original patient's tissues, something only feasible by means of capsulectomy.
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